PCOS is linked to a higher risk of several other health conditions, and this chapter explains what they are and why monitoring matters. It covers cardiovascular risks such as high blood pressure, unhealthy cholesterol and atherosclerosis, and the raised rates of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. Pregnancy complications, including pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes and miscarriage, are discussed, along with the slightly higher risk of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer. The chapter also looks at obstructive sleep apnoea, which can occur regardless of body weight, and the depression and anxiety that often go unnoticed.